Platinum-based catalysts are widely used in many important chemical processes and electrocatalytic systems for energy conversion, storage and utilization.¹ However, the scarcity and high cost of Pt are the main issues that hinder the practical applications of these catalysts.² The search for cheap and abundant alternatives to replace Pt has resulted in the development of many novel catalysts.³ Although the discoveries of promising catalysts are often reported, none can compete with Pt in the intrinsic activity.⁴ Therefore, maximizing the catalytic performance while minimizing the Pt loading has become a more practical and efficient route for addressing the cost-related issues of Pt.⁵ This requires a highly controllable method for the fabrication of Pt nanostructures. To this end, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an excellent candidate that offers the controllability at the single-atom precision.^5,6 In my presentation, I will talk about our recent achievements on ALD of Pt on high-surface-area substrates, i.e., graphene and TiO₂ nanopowders, which is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor.^7–9 Our approach provides the capability of controlling the nucleation and growth of Pt at the atomic level, enabling the fabrication of advanced catalysts based on Pt nanoparticles and Pt single atoms.

Keyword: Atomic layer deposition, fluidized bed reactor, platinum-based catalysts, single-atom catalysts

References

1              A. Chen and P. Holt-Hindle, Chem. Rev., 2010, 110, 3767–3804.

2              M. Li, K. Duanmu, C. Wan, T. Cheng, L. Zhang, S. Dai, W. Chen, Z. Zhao, P. Li, H. Fei, Y. Zhu, R. Yu, J. Luo, K. Zang, Z. Lin, M. Ding, J. Huang, H. Sun, J. Guo, X. Pan, W. A. Goddard, P. Sautet, Y. Huang and X. Duan, Nat Catal, 2019, 2, 495–503.

3              L. D. de Almeida, H. Wang, K. Junge, X. Cui and M. Beller, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2021, 60, 550–565.

4              J. N. Hansen, H. Prats, K. K. Toudahl, N. Mørch Secher, K. Chan, J. Kibsgaard and I. Chorkendorff, ACS Energy Lett., 2021, 6, 1175–1180.

5              N. Cheng, S. Stambula, D. Wang, M. N. Banis, J. Liu, A. Riese, B. Xiao, R. Li, T.-K. Sham, L.-M. Liu, G. A. Botton and X. Sun, Nat Commun, 2016, 7, 13638.

6              D. Liu, X. Li, S. Chen, H. Yan, C. Wang, C. Wu, Y. A. Haleem, S. Duan, J. Lu, B. Ge, P. M. Ajayan, Y. Luo, J. Jiang and L. Song, Nat Energy, 2019, 4, 512–518.

7              H. Van Bui, F. Grillo, S. Sharath Kulkarni, R. Bevaart, N. V. Thang, B. van der Linden, J. A. Moulijn, M. Makkee, M. T. Kreutzer and J. R. van Ommen, Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 10802–10810.

8              F. Grillo, H. Van Bui, D. La Zara, A. A. I. Aarnink, A. Y. Kovalgin, P. Kooyman, M. T. Kreutzer and J. R. van Ommen, Small, 2018, 14, 1800765.

9              F. Grillo, H. Van Bui, J. A. Moulijn, M. T. Kreutzer and J. R. van Ommen, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2017, 8, 975–983.