Neurotrophins are crucial endogenous ligands that regulate the neuronal differentiation, maintenance, survival, and function of the neurons. Neurotrophins exerts its pharmacodynamic effects by binding and activating two types of receptors, the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases and p75NTR (a member of the TNF receptor superfamily). Neurotrophins trigger various neuronal signalling pathways, involving those facilitated by ras and members of the cdc-42/ras/rho G protein families, the MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, and Jun kinase cascades. Due to the activation of the above pathways, neurotrophins control axonal growth, dendrite pruning, patterning of innervation, expression of proteins, ion channels and neurotransmitters content required for the normal anatomy and physiology of the neurons. Moreover, neurotrophins also regulate the synaptic plasticity and affect the synaptic function while maintaining to regulate the trophic effect and health of the neuron. Interestingly deficiency of the neurotrophins at specific regions of the brain or in general in the whole brains due to aging, accumulation of endogenous neurotoxins, and exposure to exogenous neurotoxins can lead to deficiency of neurotrophins. Nevertheless, presently accessible treatment strategies neither prevent, reduce nor reverse the neurodegeneration of the cholinergic or dopaminergic neurons, leading to decreased disease progression. Therefore, novel, and affordable therapeutics strategies to prevent and reduce the cholinergic and dopaminergic neurodegeneration is required immediately. Hence, in this study, the innovative therapeutic approach of using small molecule neurotrophins to decrease the overall neurological disease burden, reduce distress, and enhance the patient’s quality of life will be discussed.